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The equation for the change in entropy, Δ S Δ S, is Δ S = Q T , Δ S = Q T , where Q is the heat that transfers energy during a process, and T is the absolute temperature at which the process takes place.
We can use Equation \ref{eq10} to show that the entropy change of a system undergoing a reversible process between two given states is path independent. An arbitrary, closed path for a reversible cycle that passes through the states A and B is shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\).
Entropy change formulas for simple processes. For certain simple transformations in systems of constant composition, the entropy changes are given by simple formulas. Isothermal expansion or compression of an ideal gas
Use Equation \(\ref{Eq2}\) to calculate the change in entropy for the reversible phase transition. From the calculated value of ΔS, predict which allotrope has the more highly ordered structure. Solution
The thermodynamic arrow of time (entropy) is the measurement of disorder within a system. Denoted as ΔS Δ S, the change of entropy suggests that time itself is asymmetric with respect to order of an isolated system, meaning: a system will become more disordered, as time increases.
The entropy of a system in thermal equilibrium is then defined as a measure of the total number of states available to its microscopic components, compatible with the constraints that determine the macroscopic state (such as, again, total energy, number of particles, and volume).
We can use Equation 4.11 to show that the entropy change of a system undergoing a reversible process between two given states is path independent. An arbitrary, closed path for a reversible cycle that passes through the states A and B is shown in Figure 4.16 .
